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Before formal cutting, operators manually adjust the torch radially up and down to calibrate its position relative to the pipe. Once cutting starts, the machine completes the full cutting cycle automatically according to preset parameters. The torch rotates around the pipe at a set speed and performs axial feeding along the pipe. The feeding speed is determined by plate thickness and torch rotating speed.

During cutting, the torch shall tilt to meet technical requirements for groove angle. Three movements — torch rotation, axial travel and angle tilting — must run synchronously following specific mathematical relations to generate qualified intersecting curves and surfaces, known as three‑axis linkage. To establish the mathematical model for the automatic pipe‑cutting machine, corresponding models shall be built for different working conditions including pipe‑to‑pipe intersection, pipe‑to‑plate intersection and multi‑pipe intersection.